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KMID : 0861020170320030071
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Korea Journal of Herbology
2017 Volume.32 No. 3 p.71 ~ p.78
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Studies on Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Melanogenic Effect of Grape Fruit Stem Extract
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Choi An-Na
Lee Hyun-Seo
Kim Jang-Ho
Cho Byoung-Ok
Shin Jae-Young
Jeong Seung-Il
Jang Seon-Il
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Abstract
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Objectives : The various grape extracts derived from grape pulp, seed and skin, containing various types of polyphenols and flavonoids, have been known to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and improve cardiovascular condition as well as sun`s damaging effects. However, there have been rare reports of various beneficial effects of grape fruit stem extract (GFSE), one of the waste products of grapes. We investigated anti-inflammatory and melanogenesis inhibitory effects of GFSE.
Methods : One-hundred gram of grape fruit stem was extracted with 80% ethanol at room temperature for 3 days. After filtration, the ethanol was removed using vacuum evaporator, then lyophilized to obtain the dry extract which was stored at -20℃ until used. NO levels were measured by using Greiss reagent. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production was measured by ELISA assay. The expression levels of iNOS, COX-2, TRP-1 and TRP-2 were evaluated by western blot analysis.
Results : GFSE reduced the level of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in a dose-dependent manner, compared to control. Expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein were also effectively inhibited by the GFSE. In a tyrosinase inhibitory activity, GFSE significantly reduced the tyrosinase activity and melanin content in a dose dependent manner, compared to control. GFSE also decreased the expression of tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1) and tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2), known as a melanocyte-specific gene product involved in melanin synthesis.
Conclusions : Therefore, these results indicated that GFSE had powerful anti-inflammatory and anti-melanogenic effects.
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KEYWORD
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grape fruit stem, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, melanogenesis inhibition
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